Mezőhegyesi ménesbirtok szerepe a háborús pótlovazásban és a hátország húsellátásában 1787-1792 = The role of the Mezőhegyes stud farm in maintaining the horse allowance and the meat supply of the hinterland : 1787-1792 /
The Military Stud Institute of Mezohegyes played a dual role in the Turkish war between 1787- 1790 and in the French war between 1792- 1809. Mezohegyes and its surroundings belonged to the heathlands recaptured from the Turks. These were leased by the Chamber to Armenian and Greek cattle traders dur...
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Cikk |
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Belvedere Meridionale
Szeged
2024
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| Sorozat: | Belvedere Meridionale
36 No. 3 |
| Kulcsszavak: | Mezőhegyes története - 18-20. sz., Lótenyésztés - Mezőhegyes - 18-20. sz. |
| Tárgyszavak: | |
| doi: | 10.14232/belv.2024.3.2 |
| Online Access: | http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/86517 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a The Military Stud Institute of Mezohegyes played a dual role in the Turkish war between 1787- 1790 and in the French war between 1792- 1809. Mezohegyes and its surroundings belonged to the heathlands recaptured from the Turks. These were leased by the Chamber to Armenian and Greek cattle traders during the 18th century. In these rich fields, rented by the arendators, they kept cattle for fattening that were bought at fairs from Transylvania or bred locally. Most of these were used to feed the army, the rest were sold to Vienna or abroad at a great profit. When the Turkish war broke out, the Military Stud Institute had already been established while the neighbouring heathlands were used to transport the cattle. Due to his knowledge of the country and expertise, Major József Csekonics, commander of the Stud Institute, was appointed by Emperor Joseph II to feed the army and organize the meat supply of Vienna. The capital of the empire had already flagged up the growing problem of its meat supply as early as the spring of 1788,and that it needed immediate attention. Mezőhegyes would have had to accommodate 4,000 to 5,000 horses and 8,000 to 10,000 cattle during the war years, which was not possible given the limited space available for pasture. The solution was that Count Szapáry renounced his mere right to manage Bábolna, which was considered a treasury manor at that time , and it was taken over by military management. This is how the cattle trading activity of Csekonics made Babolna the center of horse allowance(Remont) of the Hungarian military , and how its spacious and rich pastures made it become one of the centre farmlands of Vienna’s meat supply. The military and economic importance of Mezohegyes continued to grow during the French wars. The growing number of horses meant that they needed more farmland to breed, and the growing cattle herds needed more land for pasture. To successfully provide for them, Michael Melas, a cavalry general, and Johan Gottlieb Wolstein, a Viennese veterinarian, took an inventory of the livestock of Mezőhegyes, and an audit of the technical, financial and personal conditions of the operation at the Stud Institute. The most important part was the analysis of horse stock considering the cavalry needs and their financial utility. In regards with the crop stock, the report underlined the quality of „fatness” of hay, while the usability of the institute buildings was considered suitable for horse breeding. | |
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