Az alapjogok korlátozása az Európai Unió nemzeti alkotmányaiban
The study aims at presenting the methods which constitutions of member states of the European Union utilize to determine the constitutional framework of imposing limitation of fundamental rights. First the author examines what international obligations are imposed - through general and special claus...
Elmentve itt :
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| Dokumentumtípus: | Cikk |
| Megjelent: |
Szegedi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Karának tudományos bizottsága
Szeged
2010
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| Sorozat: | Acta Universitatis Szegediensis : acta juridica et politica
73 No. 1-64 |
| Kulcsszavak: | Alkotmányjog - Európai Unió |
| Tárgyszavak: | |
| Online Access: | http://acta.bibl.u-szeged.hu/7457 |
| Tartalmi kivonat: | The study aims at presenting the methods which constitutions of member states of the European Union utilize to determine the constitutional framework of imposing limitation of fundamental rights. First the author examines what international obligations are imposed - through general and special clauses - on states party by treaties of the UN and the Council of Europe regarding the rules of limitation of rights. The following part of the work outlines legal regulations of the European Union, especially the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The third part of the study analyzes the approaches of national constitutions on restricting fundamental rights. With the exception of the Latvian constitution all constitutions contain unique — i.e. which concern individual fundamental rights — causes and purposes of limitation of rights. Including the Hungarian constitution, there are eighteen constitutions featuring general provisions, which shall be applied for all or more fundamental rights. It can also be laid down that based on the Bonn constitution (of 1949) eight — mostly Eastern and Central European — states adopted the provision that the restriction may not prejudice "substantial contents of a fundamental right." It should be pointed out moreover that all constitutions enable the restriction of rights only within the constitutional framework and by means of the laws. The majority of constitutions deal with the possibility of limitation and derogation of rights in case of introducing a so-called exceptional legal order (state of war, extraordinary legal state or state of emergency) In this respect we can find two alternatives in EU constitutions. Certain constitutions enumerate the rights and freedoms which shall not be limited or derogated even during an exceptional legal order, thus constitute so-called absolute rights, whereas others regulate the fundamental rights on which limitations may be imposed in extraordinary situations. Numerous constitutions separately mention the possibility of limitation offundamental rights with regard to the occupation or profession of the subjects of law concerned. Constitutions of 12 countries contain such a provision. By reason of its significance the study makes express reference to right to property which along with freedom of contract is usually defined as the "most restrictable" fundamental right. The most modern solution is represented by constitutions which simultaneously contain provisions on restrictions of the right to property and expropriation. The final part of the study gives an outline of the Hungarian aspects of limitations of fundamental rights, which is based on the 1990 adoption of the German model. It also lays down the fact that the provisions of the Hungarian constitution and the practice of the Constitutional Court based thereon comply with international expectations in general as well as European Union expectations in particular. |
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| Terjedelem/Fizikai jellemzők: | 455-465 |
| ISSN: | 0324-6523 |